96

R. A. Ali et al.

In ICS, sensors and actuators are controlled by the PLC or Distributed Control

System (DCS) and may also be connected to the control of system networks and IoT,

in addition to Human Machine Interface (HMI). The operations of such interfaces

are required to be protected in the levels of operational processes and information

exchanged between corporate and control system networks. Accordingly, interfaces

with the real world may have serious problems of vulnerabilities and their exploita-

tion by attackers [51, 52]. Some statistics are showing that the rate of attacks on

ICS devices in 2020 amounted to 33.4%. During the years from 2016 to 2020, the

percentage of attack rate is increased dramatically as shown in Fig. 6. According to

these statistics, and for security sure, blockchain innovation offers effective solutions

to lock down ICS systems within a framework that creates a movable information

record that is reproduced and shared between individuals in organizational and oper-

ating agreement accounts that can ensure security of tool exchange information in

such systems. Blockchains enable to organization security of ICS which includes a

huge sum of information preparation, real-time prerequisites of the higher frame-

works, and have to be set up a shorter interim overhaul innovation framework [53].

In Industrial Control System (ICS), the programmed control framework

comprising of computer gear and mechanical handle control components. The

mechanical control preparation incorporates real-time information collection,

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Number of vulnerability

Years

Fig. 6 Number of reported ICS vulnerabilities between 2016 and 2020